(i) Explain how anode rays are produced in a discharge tube?
(ii) Why is the effect of `beta`-particles on a photographic plate more than that of `alpha` - particles?

Discuss the effect of alpha-, beta- and gamma -rays on a photographic plate.

What was the fraction of alpha -particles in which deflection of more than 1^@ was observed ?

What was the fraction of alpha -particles in which deflection of more than 90^@ was observed ?

The ionising power of alpha- particle is less compared to alpha- particles but their penetrating power is more. The mass of beta- particle is less than the mass of alpha -particle.

Assertion An alpha- particle and a deuteron having same kinetic energy enter in a uniform magnetic field perpendicular to the field. Then, radius of circular path of alpha- particle will be more. Reason (q)/(m) ratio of an alpha- particle is more than the (q)/(m) ratio of a deuteron.

Assertion : Alpha particles produce more intense ionisation than beta particles. Reason : Alpha particles are positively charged .

Fig. 12.8 shows a mixed source R of alpha and beta particles in a thick lead walled container. The particles pass through a magnetic field in a direction perpendicular to the plane of paper inwards as shown by x. (a) Show in the diagram how the particles get affected. (b) Name the law used in part (a). [Hint : alpha particles will deflect to the left while beta particles to the right]

Assertion (A) : beta- particles are deflected more than alpha- particles in a given electric field. Reason (R) : Charge on alpha- particles is larger than on beta- particles.

Assertion (A): beta- particles have greater penetrating power than alpha- rays but less than gamma- rays. Reason (R) : beta- particles are lighter than alpha- particles but heavier than gamma.

Explain why alpha and beta particles are deflected in an electric or a megnetic field, but gamma rays are not deflected in such a field. [Hint : alpha and beta particles are changed, but gamma rays are uncharged]