The precautionary measures in artificial hybridization is /are

Options

A. emasculation only
B. bagging only
C. both emasculation and bagging
D. tagging

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Artificial Hybridization**:
- Artificial hybridization is a human-performed process where two different plant species are crossed to combine their desirable traits. This is done to create superior varieties of plants.

2. **Importance of Precautionary Measures**:
- Precautionary measures are essential in artificial hybridization to ensure the success of the hybridization process and to prevent unwanted pollination.

3. **Identifying Precautionary Measures**:
- The two main precautionary measures in artificial hybridization are emasculation and bagging.

4. **Emasculation**:
- Emasculation involves the removal of the stamens from the flower. The stamens contain the anthers, which produce pollen. By removing the stamens, the chances of self-pollination are minimized, ensuring that the flower can only be pollinated by the desired pollen from another plant.

5. **Bagging**:
- After emasculation, the next step is bagging. This involves covering the emasculated flower with a protective covering (like polythene) to prevent contamination from unwanted pollen. This ensures that only the desired pollen can fertilize the flower.

6. **Conclusion**:
- In summary, the precautionary measures in artificial hybridization are emasculation and bagging. Both steps are crucial for successful hybridization and to achieve the desired plant traits.

**Final Answer**: The precautionary measures in artificial hybridization are emasculation and bagging.

---