Prerfect homozygous individuals are produced by

Options

A. Meristem culture
B. Anther culture
C. Protoplast culture
D. Somatic hybridization

Answer

To answer the question about how perfect homozygous individuals are produced, we can follow these steps:

### Step 1: Understand the Concept of Homozygosity
- **Explanation**: Homozygous individuals have identical alleles for a particular gene on both homologous chromosomes. This means that both copies of the gene are the same, which can lead to uniform traits in the organism.

### Step 2: Identify Techniques for Producing Homozygous Individuals
- **Explanation**: There are several techniques in plant tissue culture that can be used to produce homozygous individuals, including meristem culture, anther culture, protoplast culture, and somatic hybridization.

### Step 3: Analyze Each Technique
- **Meristem Culture**: This involves culturing the meristematic tissue, which may not necessarily produce homozygous individuals.
- **Protoplast Culture**: This involves fusing protoplasts (the living part of a plant cell without its cell wall) from different plants, which can lead to heterozygous individuals.
- **Somatic Hybridization**: This technique involves hybridizing somatic cells from different plants, which also results in heterozygous individuals.

### Step 4: Identify the Correct Technique
- **Anther Culture**: This technique, developed by Guha and Maheshwari in 1964, involves culturing the anthers of plants to produce haploid cells. These haploid cells can then be doubled to create homozygous individuals.

### Step 5: Conclusion
- **Final Answer**: The correct technique for producing perfect homozygous individuals is **anther culture**.

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