Somaclonal variations are the ones.

Options

A. Caused by gamma rays
B. Produced during sexual reproduction
C. Produced by chemical mutagens
D. Produced during tissue culture

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Somaclonal Variation**:
- Somaclonal variation refers to the genetic variation that occurs in plants that have been produced through tissue culture techniques. It is important to note that these variations arise in somatic cells, not through sexual reproduction.

2. **Identifying the Process**:
- In plant tissue culture, cells are cultured in a controlled environment. During this process, certain variations can occur due to factors such as mutations.

3. **Nature of Variations**:
- The variations seen in somaclonal variation are not typical of the parent plants. This means that even though the plants are clones (genetically identical), they can exhibit differences due to mutations that arise during the culture process.

4. **Causes of Somaclonal Variation**:
- These variations can be caused by several factors, including environmental stress, the use of chemical mutagens, and the conditions under which the tissue culture is performed. However, they are not a result of sexual reproduction.

5. **Evaluating Options**:
- The question provides several options regarding the nature of somaclonal variations. The correct answer is that somaclonal variations are produced by chemical mutagens. This is because chemical mutagens can induce mutations in the cultured cells, leading to variations in the offspring.

6. **Final Answer**:
- Therefore, the correct option regarding somaclonal variations is **C: produced by chemical mutagens**.