Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) liberates high energy by the breakdown of

Options

A. Glycosidic bond
B. Hydrogen bond
C. Phosphate bond
D. Both (1) & (3)

Answer

To answer the question "Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) liberates high energy by the breakdown of," we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding ATP Structure**:
- ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) consists of an adenosine molecule attached to three phosphate groups. The bonds between these phosphate groups are known as phosphate bonds.

2. **Energy Release Mechanism**:
- When ATP is used for energy, it undergoes hydrolysis, breaking one of its phosphate bonds to form ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate) and an inorganic phosphate (Pi). This reaction can be represented as:
\[ \text{ATP} \rightarrow \text{ADP} + \text{Pi} + \text{Energy} \]

3. **Amount of Energy Released**:
- The breakdown of one ATP molecule releases approximately 7.3 kilocalories of energy per mole. This energy is crucial for various cellular processes.

4. **Identifying the Correct Bond**:
- The question provides options: glycosidic bond, hydrogen bond, phosphate bond, or both 1 and 3.
- Glycosidic bonds are found between sugars and do not relate to ATP energy release.
- Hydrogen bonds are weak interactions and do not contribute to the energy released from ATP.
- Therefore, the correct bond responsible for energy release in ATP is the phosphate bond.

5. **Conclusion**:
- The breakdown of the phosphate bond in ATP liberates high energy, making the correct answer **phosphate bond**.

### Final Answer:
The correct answer is **phosphate bond** (Option C).

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