Introduction of foreign genes for improving genotype is
Or
Insertion or deletion of one or more new genes which are absent in an organism by artificial method (not by reproduction ) is called as

Options

A. Biotechnology
B. Tissue culture
C. Genetic engineering
D. Both (1) & (2)

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding the Question**: The question asks for the term that describes the introduction of foreign genes into an organism to improve its genotype. It also mentions the insertion or deletion of genes that are not naturally present in the organism, done artificially rather than through reproduction.

2. **Defining Foreign Genes**: Foreign genes are genes that originate from a different organism and are not found in the organism into which they are being introduced. This process is often used to enhance certain traits or characteristics in the host organism.

3. **Identifying Key Terms**: The key terms in the question are "introduction of foreign genes," "improving genotype," "insertion or deletion of genes," and "artificial method."

4. **Evaluating Options**:
- **Biotechnology**: This is a broad field that involves using living organisms or their components to create products and services. However, it does not specifically refer to the insertion of foreign genes.
- **Tissue Culture**: This technique involves growing plant cells or tissues in a controlled environment. While it is a method of plant propagation, it does not involve the manipulation of genes.
- **Genetic Engineering**: This is the process of directly manipulating an organism's DNA by inserting, deleting, or altering genes. This process is specifically aimed at introducing foreign genes to improve the organism's genotype.

5. **Conclusion**: Based on the definitions and evaluations, the correct answer to the question is **Genetic Engineering**. This term encompasses the artificial introduction of foreign genes into an organism to enhance its genetic traits.