Plasmids are extra-chromosomal genetic material found in

Options

A. Algae
B. Mammalian cell
C. Bacteria
D. Viruses

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Plasmids**: Plasmids are small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecules that are distinct from the chromosomal DNA found in cells. They are considered extra-chromosomal genetic material, meaning they exist outside the main chromosome.

2. **Identifying the Type of Organisms**: Plasmids are primarily found in prokaryotic organisms. Prokaryotes are unicellular organisms that lack a defined nucleus, and their genetic material is not enclosed within a membrane-bound nucleus.

3. **Examples of Prokaryotes**: The most common examples of prokaryotes are bacteria. Bacteria often carry plasmids that can confer various advantages, such as antibiotic resistance or the ability to metabolize certain substances.

4. **Excluding Other Options**:
- Algae: Algae are eukaryotic organisms, which means they have a defined nucleus and do not typically contain plasmids.
- Mammalian Cells: Mammalian cells are also eukaryotic and do not contain plasmids in the same way bacteria do.
- Viruses: Viruses do not contain plasmids; they have their own genetic material but do not have the structure of plasmids.

5. **Conclusion**: Based on the above points, the correct answer to the question "Plasmids are extra-chromosomal genetic material found in?" is **bacteria**.

**Final Answer**: Plasmids are extra-chromosomal genetic material found in **bacteria**.

---