Plasmids are important in biotechnology because they contian

Options

A. Recognition sites on recombinant DNA strands
B. Provirus incorporated into the host DNA
C. A vehicle for insertion of recombinant DNA into bacteria
D. Surface for respiratory process in bacteria

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Plasmids**:
- Plasmids are small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecules found in prokaryotes (mainly bacteria) that are separate from chromosomal DNA. They are extra-chromosomal, meaning they exist independently of the main genetic material.

2. **Role of Plasmids in Biotechnology**:
- In biotechnology, plasmids are crucial because they serve as vectors. Vectors are vehicles that carry foreign DNA into a host cell, facilitating the introduction of new genetic material.

3. **Characteristics of Plasmids as Vectors**:
- **Origin of Replication (ORI)**: Plasmids contain an origin of replication, which allows them to replicate independently within the host cell. This is essential for maintaining the plasmid and ensuring that the foreign DNA is also replicated.
- **Selectable Markers**: Plasmids often carry genes that provide a selectable marker, such as antibiotic resistance genes. These markers help in identifying and selecting transformed cells that have successfully taken up the plasmid.

4. **Analyzing the Options**:
- **Option A**: Recognition sites on recombinant DNA strands - This is incorrect as plasmids do not need recognition sites to function as vectors.
- **Option B**: Provirus incorporated into the host DNA - This is incorrect because plasmids are not viruses and do not integrate into host DNA.
- **Option C**: A vehicle for insertion of recombinant DNA into bacteria - This is correct as plasmids are commonly used to introduce recombinant DNA into bacterial cells.
- **Option D**: Surface for respiratory processes in bacteria - This is incorrect as this function is related to mesosomes, not plasmids.

5. **Conclusion**:
- The correct answer is **Option C**: A vehicle for insertion of recombinant DNA into bacteria, as plasmids are widely used in genetic engineering for this purpose.

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