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The atomic radii of alkaline earth metal...

The atomic radii of alkaline earth metals are smaller than those of the corresponding alkali metals. Explain, why?

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The alkaline earth metals have a higher nuclear charge due to which the electrons are more strongly attracted towards the nucleus causing decrease in atomic size.
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Assertion (A): Alkaline earth metals are harder than alkali meatals. Reason (R ): Atomic radii of alkaline earth metas are smaller thant the corresponding alkali metals in the same period.

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(a) Why alkaline earth metals are harder, have higer melting ponts and higher densities than the alkali metals? (b). Why the atoms of alkaline earth metals are smaller than the corresponding alkali metals? (c ). Why alkaline earth metals have high electrical and thermal conductivities? (d). What is black ash? (e). Why the variation in physical properties of alkaline earth elements is not as regular as in the case of alkali metals?

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The crystaline salts of alkaline earth metals contain more water of crystallisation than the corresponding alkali metal salts. Why?