Among the following groups, which one is ortho and para directing?

Options

A.
B.
C. `-oversetoverset(O)(||)C-H`
D.

Answer

To determine which group is ortho and para directing among the given options, we need to analyze the electronic effects of each substituent on a benzene ring. Here’s a step-by-step solution:

### Step 1: Understand Ortho and Para Directing Groups
Ortho and para directing groups are those that increase the electron density at the ortho and para positions of a benzene ring. This increased electron density allows electrophiles to attack these positions more readily.

### Step 2: Analyze Each Group
1. **Nitro Group (NO2)**:
- The nitro group is a strong electron-withdrawing group due to resonance and inductive effects. It pulls electron density away from the benzene ring, making it a meta-directing group, not ortho or para directing.

2. **CHO Group (Aldehyde)**:
- The aldehyde group is also an electron-withdrawing group. It decreases the electron density on the benzene ring, making it a meta-directing group as well.

3. **Chlorine Group (Cl)**:
- Chlorine is a halogen and has lone pairs of electrons. It can donate these lone pairs to the benzene ring through resonance, increasing electron density at the ortho and para positions. Thus, chlorine is an ortho and para directing group.

4. **COOCH3 Group (Ester)**:
- The ester group is an electron-withdrawing group due to the carbonyl (C=O) bond. It decreases the electron density on the benzene ring, making it a meta-directing group.

### Step 3: Conclusion
Among the groups analyzed, the only group that is ortho and para directing is the **Chlorine Group (Cl)**.

### Final Answer:
The ortho and para directing group among the given options is the **Chlorine Group (Cl)**.

---