A permanent magnet attracts

Options

A. Diamagnetic substance
B. Paramagnetic substance
C. Ferromagnetic substance
D. Both (2) & (3)

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding the Types of Magnetic Substances**:
- There are three main types of magnetic substances: diamagnetic, paramagnetic, and ferromagnetic.
- Each type responds differently to an external magnetic field.

2. **Diamagnetic Substances**:
- Diamagnetic substances create an induced magnetic field in the opposite direction to the external magnetic field.
- This results in a weak repulsion from the magnetic field.
- Example: Bismuth, copper, and graphite.

3. **Paramagnetic Substances**:
- Paramagnetic substances create an induced magnetic field in the same direction as the external magnetic field.
- They are weakly attracted to the magnetic field.
- Example: Aluminum, platinum, and certain metal ions.

4. **Ferromagnetic Substances**:
- Ferromagnetic substances also create an induced magnetic field in the same direction as the external magnetic field.
- However, they are strongly attracted to the magnetic field and can retain magnetization even after the external field is removed.
- Example: Iron, cobalt, and nickel.

5. **Analyzing the Options**:
- The question asks which substances are attracted by a permanent magnet.
- From our understanding:
- Diamagnetic substances are weakly repelled.
- Paramagnetic substances are weakly attracted.
- Ferromagnetic substances are strongly attracted.

6. **Conclusion**:
- Since both paramagnetic and ferromagnetic substances are attracted to a permanent magnet, the correct answer is option 4: "two and three both".