State and explain law of multiple proportions with a suitable example.

Explanation

According to the law of multiple proportion, if two elements can be combine to form more than one compound the masses of one element that combine with a fixed mass of other elemet, are in the same ratio, for eg., hydrogen combines with oxygen to form two compounds, namely water `(H_(2)O)` and hydrogen peroxide `(H_(2)O_(2))`.
`underset(2g)("Hydrogen")+underset(16g)("oxygen")tounderset(18g)("Water")`
`underset(2g)("Hydrogen")+underset(32g)("Oxygen")to underset(34g)("Hydrogen peroxide")`
here, the masses of oxygen (i.e., 16g and 32g), which combines with a fixed mass of hydrogen.
(2g) bear a simple ratio i.e., 16:32 or 1:2.