The impurity atoms with which pure silicon should be doped to make a p- type semiconductor are those of

Options

A. Phosphorus
B. Antimony
C. Boron
D. Copper

Answer

To determine the impurity atoms with which pure silicon should be doped to create a p-type semiconductor, we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understand the Types of Semiconductors**:
- Semiconductors can be classified into two types: n-type and p-type.
- N-type semiconductors are formed when a pentavalent impurity (having five valence electrons) is added to the pure semiconductor, while p-type semiconductors are formed when a trivalent impurity (having three valence electrons) is added.

2. **Identify the Valence Electrons of Silicon**:
- Silicon (Si) has four valence electrons. When doped with a trivalent atom, it creates "holes" in the crystal structure, which allows for the conduction of electricity.

3. **Evaluate the Given Options**:
- **Option 1: Phosphorus** - Phosphorus has five valence electrons (pentavalent), so it would create an n-type semiconductor.
- **Option 2: Antimony** - Antimony also has five valence electrons (pentavalent), leading to an n-type semiconductor.
- **Option 3: Boron** - Boron has three valence electrons (trivalent), making it suitable for creating a p-type semiconductor.
- **Option 4: Copper** - Copper has a different electron configuration and does not fit the criteria for doping silicon to create a p-type semiconductor.

4. **Conclusion**:
- Since only Boron is a trivalent atom among the options provided, it is the correct choice for doping silicon to form a p-type semiconductor.

### Final Answer:
The impurity atoms with which pure silicon should be doped to make a p-type semiconductor are those of **Boron** (Option 3).