Plane polarized light can be obtained by using

Options

A. A Nicole prism
B. Tourmaline crystal
C. Convex lens
D. Both (1) & (2)

Answer

To solve the question of how plane polarized light can be obtained, we need to analyze the given options systematically.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Plane Polarized Light**:
- Plane polarized light is light that oscillates in a single plane. This can be achieved through various optical devices.

2. **Analyzing Option A: Nickel Prism**:
- A nickel prism is designed to utilize total internal reflection to eliminate one of the two rays produced when unpolarized light enters the prism.
- This process results in the transmission of only the extraordinary ray, thus producing plane polarized light.
- **Conclusion**: This option is valid for obtaining plane polarized light.

3. **Analyzing Option B: Tourmaline Crystal**:
- A tourmaline crystal can also produce plane polarized light.
- When unpolarized light passes through a tourmaline crystal, it separates into two rays: the ordinary ray and the extraordinary ray.
- However, only one of these rays is transmitted, resulting in plane polarized light.
- **Conclusion**: This option is also valid for obtaining plane polarized light.

4. **Analyzing Option C: Convex Lens**:
- A convex lens is not typically used to produce plane polarized light.
- When light passes through a convex lens, the plane of polarization can rotate, and both ordinary and extraordinary rays are affected similarly.
- Therefore, it does not effectively produce plane polarized light.
- **Conclusion**: This option is not valid for obtaining plane polarized light.

5. **Analyzing Option D: Both 1 and 2**:
- Since both the nickel prism (Option A) and the tourmaline crystal (Option B) can produce plane polarized light, this option is correct.
- **Conclusion**: This option is valid as both A and B are correct.

### Final Answer:
The correct answer is **Option D: Both 1 and 2**.

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