Give in detail the anatomical adaptations shown by xerophytes.

Explanation

1) Epidermis is covered with thick cuticle to reduce the rate of transpiration.
2) Epidermal cells may have silica crystals.
3) Epidermis may be multilayered as in leaves of Nerium.
4) Stomata are generally confined to lower epidermis of leaves called hypostomatous. They are present in pits called sunken stomata.
5) Hypodermis is parenchymatous to check evaporation of water.
Ex : Calotropis.
6) Mechanical tissues are very well developed.
7) Vascular tissues are very well developed.