One kilogram of ice at `-10^@`C is heated at a constant rate until the whole of it vaporises. How much heat is required ? Specific latent heat of fusion of ice = `336 xx 10^3` J `kg^(-1)`, specific latent heat of steam = `2268 xx 10^3` J `kg^(-1)`, specific heat capacity of ice = `2.1 xx 10^3` J `kg^(-1) K^(-1)`, specific heat capacity of water = `4.2 xx 10^3` J `kg^(-1) K^(-1)`.

Explanation

To find the total heat required to convert 1 kg of ice at -10°C to steam at 100°C, we will break the process into four steps:

### Step 1: Heating Ice from -10°C to 0°C
We will first calculate the heat required to raise the temperature of the ice from -10°C to 0°C.

**Formula:**
\[ Q_1 = m \cdot c_{ice} \cdot \Delta T \]

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