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Select correct statements: S(1) : For ...

Select correct statements:
`S_(1)` : For every chemical reaction at equilibrium , standard gibbs energy of reaction is zero
`S_(2)` : At constant temperature and pressure , chemical reactions are spontaneous in the direction of decreasing gibbs energy.
`S_(3)`: Spontancity is related to change in entropy if universe.

A

`S_(1), S_(2), S_(3)`

B

only `S_(1)`

C

`S_(2) , S_(3)`

D

`S_(1) "&" S_(3)`

Text Solution

AI Generated Solution

The correct Answer is:
To solve the question, we need to evaluate each of the three statements provided and determine their correctness based on thermodynamic principles. ### Step-by-Step Solution: 1. **Evaluate Statement S1**: - Statement: "For every chemical reaction at equilibrium, standard Gibbs energy of reaction is zero." - Explanation: This statement is incorrect. At equilibrium, the change in Gibbs free energy (ΔG) for the reaction is zero, but the standard Gibbs energy of reaction (ΔG°) is not necessarily zero. The standard Gibbs energy is a measure of the energy change under standard conditions and does not equal zero at equilibrium. Therefore, **S1 is false**. 2. **Evaluate Statement S2**: - Statement: "At constant temperature and pressure, chemical reactions are spontaneous in the direction of decreasing Gibbs energy." - Explanation: This statement is correct. A spontaneous reaction is one that occurs without external intervention, and it is characterized by a decrease in Gibbs free energy (ΔG < 0). According to the Gibbs free energy equation, a negative ΔG indicates that the products are favored over the reactants at equilibrium, making the reaction spontaneous. Therefore, **S2 is true**. 3. **Evaluate Statement S3**: - Statement: "Spontaneity is related to the change in entropy of the universe." - Explanation: This statement is also correct. The second law of thermodynamics states that for a process to be spontaneous, the total entropy of the universe must increase (ΔS_universe > 0). This means that spontaneity is indeed related to the change in entropy of the universe. Therefore, **S3 is true**. ### Conclusion: - **Correct Statements**: S2 and S3 are correct. - **Incorrect Statement**: S1 is incorrect. ### Final Answer: - The correct statements are S2 and S3.
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