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Answer the following questions
Examine whether the statement pattern is a tautology, contradiction or contingency
`(p ^^ ~q) rarr (~p ^^ ~q)`

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To determine whether the statement pattern \((p \land \neg q) \rightarrow (\neg p \land \neg q)\) is a tautology, contradiction, or contingency, we will create a truth table. ### Step-by-Step Solution: 1. **Identify Variables**: We have two variables \(p\) and \(q\). 2. **List Possible Truth Values**: Each variable can be either true (T) or false (F). Therefore, we will have the following combinations: - \(p = T, q = T\) - \(p = T, q = F\) - \(p = F, q = T\) - \(p = F, q = F\) 3. **Calculate Negations**: - \(\neg p\) (not \(p\)) - \(\neg q\) (not \(q\)) 4. **Calculate Intermediate Expressions**: - Calculate \(p \land \neg q\) - Calculate \(\neg p \land \neg q\) 5. **Calculate the Final Expression**: - Calculate \((p \land \neg q) \rightarrow (\neg p \land \neg q)\) 6. **Construct the Truth Table**: | \(p\) | \(q\) | \(\neg p\) | \(\neg q\) | \(p \land \neg q\) | \(\neg p \land \neg q\) | \((p \land \neg q) \rightarrow (\neg p \land \neg q)\) | |-------|-------|------------|------------|---------------------|--------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------| | T | T | F | F | F | F | T | | T | F | F | T | T | F | F | | F | T | T | F | F | F | T | | F | F | T | T | F | T | T | 7. **Analyze the Final Column**: - The final column shows the truth values of the expression \((p \land \neg q) \rightarrow (\neg p \land \neg q)\). - The values are: T, F, T, T. 8. **Conclusion**: - Since the expression is not always true (there is at least one F) and not always false (there are T's), the statement is a **contingency**. ### Final Answer: The statement pattern \((p \land \neg q) \rightarrow (\neg p \land \neg q)\) is a **contingency**.
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NAVNEET PUBLICATION - MAHARASHTRA BOARD-QUESTION BANK 2021-MATHEMATICAL LOGIC
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