How many of the following are dilution independent in case of solution. Meq. of solute, mole of solute, % by mass, mole fraction, molarity, molality, % by strength, strength, normality.

Explanation

To determine how many of the given quantities are dilution independent, we need to analyze each quantity in relation to dilution. Here’s a step-by-step breakdown of the solution:

### Step 1: Understand Dilution Independence
- **Dilution Independence**: A quantity is considered dilution independent if its value does not change when a solution is diluted (i.e., when more solvent is added).
- **Dilution Dependent**: A quantity is dilution dependent if its value changes upon dilution.

### Step 2: Analyze Each Quantity
1. **Meq of Solute (Milliequivalents)**:
- Equivalent weight is calculated based on the molecular weight and the n-factor (valency). Since it does not change with dilution, it is **dilution independent**.

2. **Moles of Solute**:
- Moles are calculated using the formula:
\[ \text{Moles} = \frac{\text{Weight in grams}}{\text{Molecular weight}} \]
- The number of moles remains constant regardless of dilution, hence it is **dilution independent**.

3. **% by Mass**:
- This is calculated as:
\[ \% \text{ by mass} = \left( \frac{\text{Mass of solute}}{\text{Mass of solution}} \right) \times 100 \]
- Since it involves the mass of the solution, it is **dilution dependent**.

4. **Mole Fraction**:
- Mole fraction is given by:
\[ \text{Mole fraction} = \frac{\text{Moles of solute}}{\text{Total moles (solute + solvent)}} \]
- This depends on the total amount of solute and solvent, thus it is **dilution dependent**.

5. **Molarity (M)**:
- Molarity is defined as:
\[ \text{Molarity} = \frac{\text{Moles of solute}}{\text{Volume of solution in liters}} \]
- Since it involves the volume of the solution, it is **dilution dependent**.

6. **Molality (m)**:
- Molality is calculated as:
\[ \text{Molality} = \frac{\text{Moles of solute}}{\text{Weight of solvent in kg}} \]
- As it depends on the weight of the solvent, it is **dilution dependent**.

7. **% by Strength**:
- This is calculated as:
\[ \% \text{ by strength} = \left( \frac{\text{Mass of solute}}{\text{Volume of solution in liters}} \right) \times 100 \]
- Since it involves the volume of the solution, it is **dilution dependent**.

8. **Strength**:
- Strength is defined as:
\[ \text{Strength} = \frac{\text{Mass of solute}}{\text{Volume of solution in liters}} \]
- This also depends on the volume of the solution, making it **dilution dependent**.

9. **Normality (N)**:
- Normality is given by:
\[ \text{Normality} = \text{n-factor} \times \text{Molarity} \]
- Since it involves molarity, it is **dilution dependent**.

### Step 3: Conclusion
After analyzing all the quantities, we find that:
- **Dilution Independent**: Meq of solute, Moles of solute
- **Dilution Dependent**: % by mass, Mole fraction, Molarity, Molality, % by strength, Strength, Normality

Thus, the final answer is that **2 quantities are dilution independent**.