Which of the following species is planar and has a bond angle very close to `120^(@)` ?

Options

A. `BF_(3)`
B. `NO_(3)^(-)`
C. `CO_(3)^(2-)`
D. All of these

Explanation

To determine which species is planar and has a bond angle very close to 120°, we will analyze the given options one by one, focusing on their hybridization and molecular geometry.

### Step 1: Analyze BF3 (Boron Trifluoride)
- **Structure**: Boron (B) is the central atom bonded to three fluorine (F) atoms.
- **Covalency**: The maximum covalency of boron is 3, and it forms three sigma bonds with fluorine.
- **Lone Pairs**: There are no lone pairs on boron.
- **Steric Number Calculation**: Steric number = number of sigma bonds + number of lone pairs = 3 + 0 = 3.
- **Hybridization**: With a steric number of 3, the hybridization is sp².
- **Geometry**: The geometry is trigonal planar, which means the bond angles are approximately 120°.

### Step 2: Analyze NO3⁻ (Nitrate Ion)
- **Structure**: Nitrogen (N) is the central atom bonded to three oxygen (O) atoms, with one double bond and two single bonds.
- **Covalency**: The maximum covalency of nitrogen is 5, but in this case, it accommodates 4 bonds (one double bond and two single bonds).
- **Lone Pairs**: There are no lone pairs on nitrogen.
- **Steric Number Calculation**: Steric number = number of sigma bonds + number of lone pairs = 3 + 0 = 3.
- **Hybridization**: With a steric number of 3, the hybridization is sp².
- **Geometry**: The geometry is also trigonal planar, and the bond angles are approximately 120°.

### Step 3: Analyze CO3²⁻ (Carbonate Ion)
- **Structure**: Carbon (C) is the central atom bonded to three oxygen (O) atoms, with one double bond and two single bonds.
- **Covalency**: The maximum covalency of carbon is 4, and it forms four bonds with the three oxygen atoms.
- **Lone Pairs**: There are no lone pairs on carbon.
- **Steric Number Calculation**: Steric number = number of sigma bonds + number of lone pairs = 3 + 0 = 3.
- **Hybridization**: With a steric number of 3, the hybridization is sp².
- **Geometry**: The geometry is trigonal planar, and the bond angles are approximately 120°.

### Conclusion
All three species (BF3, NO3⁻, and CO3²⁻) are planar and have bond angles very close to 120°. Therefore, the answer is that all of these species are correct.

### Final Answer
The species that is planar and has a bond angle very close to 120° are:
- **BF3**
- **NO3⁻**
- **CO3²⁻**