The states of hybridisation of boron and oxygen atoms in boric acid `(H_3 BO_3)` are respecitivelty :

Options

A. `sp^(3) and sp^(2)`
B. `sp^(2) and sp^(3)`
C. `sp^(2) and sp^(2)`
D. `sp^(3) and sp^(3)`

Explanation

To determine the states of hybridization of boron and oxygen atoms in boric acid \( (H_3BO_3) \), we can follow these steps:

### Step 1: Draw the Structure of Boric Acid
Boric acid consists of a boron atom bonded to three hydroxyl groups \( (OH) \). The structure can be represented as follows:

```
OH
|
H - B - OH
|
OH
```

### Step 2: Determine the Steric Number for Boron
The steric number is calculated by adding the number of bonded atoms and lone pairs around the central atom. For boron in \( H_3BO_3 \):
- Boron is bonded to three \( OH \) groups.
- Boron has no lone pairs.

Thus, the steric number for boron is:
\[ \text{Steric Number} = \text{Number of Bonds} + \text{Number of Lone Pairs} = 3 + 0 = 3 \]

### Step 3: Determine the Hybridization of Boron
The hybridization can be determined from the steric number:
- A steric number of 3 corresponds to \( sp^2 \) hybridization.

### Step 4: Determine the Steric Number for Oxygen
Now, let's analyze one of the oxygen atoms in the hydroxyl group:
- Each oxygen atom is bonded to one hydrogen atom and one boron atom.
- Additionally, each oxygen atom has two lone pairs.

Thus, the steric number for oxygen is:
\[ \text{Steric Number} = \text{Number of Bonds} + \text{Number of Lone Pairs} = 2 + 2 = 4 \]

### Step 5: Determine the Hybridization of Oxygen
The hybridization for oxygen can also be determined from the steric number:
- A steric number of 4 corresponds to \( sp^3 \) hybridization.

### Conclusion
In summary, the states of hybridization for the atoms in boric acid \( (H_3BO_3) \) are:
- Boron: \( sp^2 \)
- Oxygen: \( sp^3 \)

### Final Answer
The states of hybridization of boron and oxygen atoms in boric acid \( (H_3BO_3) \) are respectively \( sp^2 \) and \( sp^3 \).

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