Reduction of nitrobenzene in the presence of `Zn//NH_(4)Cl` gives

Options

A. Aniline
B. Nitrosobenzene
C. hydrazobenzne
D. phenyl hydroxyl amine

Answer

To solve the question regarding the reduction of nitrobenzene in the presence of Zn/NH₄Cl, we can follow these steps:

### Step 1: Identify the Reactant
The reactant in this reaction is nitrobenzene. The chemical structure of nitrobenzene is represented as:
\[ \text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{NO}_2 \]
This indicates a benzene ring (C₆H₅) with a nitro group (NO₂) attached to it.

**Hint:** Remember that nitrobenzene contains a nitro group which is a strong electron-withdrawing group.

### Step 2: Understand the Reducing Agent
The reducing agent in this reaction is zinc (Zn) in the presence of ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl). Zinc provides nascent hydrogen, which is essential for the reduction process.

**Hint:** Reducing agents donate electrons or hydrogen, facilitating the conversion of functional groups.

### Step 3: Reduction Reaction
The reduction of nitrobenzene involves the conversion of the nitro group (NO₂) to a hydroxylamine group (NH₂OH). The reaction can be summarized as follows:
\[ \text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{NO}_2 + \text{Zn} + \text{NH}_4\text{Cl} \rightarrow \text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{NHOH} + \text{by-products} \]

The product formed is N-phenylhydroxylamine, which can be represented as:
\[ \text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{NHOH} \]

**Hint:** The nitro group is reduced to a hydroxylamine group, which is characterized by the presence of both nitrogen and hydroxyl (OH) functional groups.

### Step 4: Final Product Identification
The final product of this reduction reaction is N-phenylhydroxylamine. The structure of N-phenylhydroxylamine can be depicted as:
\[ \text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{NHOH} \]

**Hint:** The name of the product reflects the presence of the phenyl group (from benzene) and the hydroxylamine functional group.

### Conclusion
Thus, the reduction of nitrobenzene in the presence of Zn/NH₄Cl gives N-phenylhydroxylamine.

**Final Answer:** N-Phenylhydroxylamine (Option D).