most basic out of these is :

Options

A. Anilne
B. Benzyl amine
C. M-Nitroaniline
D. P-Nitroaniline

Answer

To determine which compound is the most basic among the given options (aniline, benzylamine, m-nitroaniline, and p-nitroaniline), we need to analyze the basicity of each compound based on the availability of the lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Basicity**:
- Basicity refers to the ability of a compound to donate a lone pair of electrons to a proton (H+). The more available the lone pair is, the stronger the base.

2. **Analyzing Aniline (C6H5NH2)**:
- Aniline has an amino group (-NH2) attached to a benzene ring. The lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom is involved in resonance with the benzene ring, which delocalizes the electrons.
- **Conclusion**: The lone pair is less available for donation, making aniline a weak base.

3. **Analyzing Benzylamine (C6H5CH2NH2)**:
- Benzylamine has the amino group attached to a benzyl group (C6H5CH2-). Here, the nitrogen's lone pair is not involved in resonance with the benzene ring because it is attached to a carbon atom (CH2).
- **Conclusion**: The lone pair is readily available for donation, making benzylamine the most basic among the options.

4. **Analyzing m-Nitroaniline (C6H4(NH2)(NO2))**:
- In m-nitroaniline, the nitro group (-NO2) is positioned at the meta position relative to the amino group. The nitro group is a strong electron-withdrawing group, which decreases the electron density on the nitrogen.
- **Conclusion**: The lone pair on nitrogen is less available for donation, making m-nitroaniline a weaker base.

5. **Analyzing p-Nitroaniline (C6H4(NH2)(NO2))**:
- In p-nitroaniline, the nitro group is positioned at the para position relative to the amino group. Similar to m-nitroaniline, the nitro group withdraws electron density from the amino group.
- **Conclusion**: The lone pair on nitrogen is also less available for donation, making p-nitroaniline a weak base.

6. **Final Comparison**:
- Aniline: Weak base due to resonance.
- Benzylamine: Strong base due to the availability of the lone pair.
- m-Nitroaniline: Weaker base due to electron withdrawal.
- p-Nitroaniline: Weaker base due to electron withdrawal.
- **Most Basic Compound**: Benzylamine (CH2NH2).

### Final Answer:
The most basic compound among the given options is **benzylamine**.