Which of the following chlorides hydrolyses most easily?

Options

A. `CH_(3) CH_(2)CH_(2)Cl`
B. `CH_(2) = CH = Cl`
C. `CH_(2) = CH - CH_(2) ` Cl
D. `(CH_(3))_(2) "CHCH"_(2) `Cl

Answer

To determine which of the following chlorides hydrolyzes most easily, we need to analyze the stability of the carbocations formed during the hydrolysis process. The hydrolysis of alkyl chlorides involves the formation of a carbocation intermediate, and the stability of this carbocation is crucial for the ease of hydrolysis.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Hydrolysis**: Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction where water breaks down into H⁺ and OH⁻ ions. In the case of alkyl chlorides, hydrolysis involves the substitution of the chloride ion (Cl⁻) with a hydroxyl group (OH).

2. **Identifying the Chlorides**: We need to examine the given chlorides (not specified in the question, but usually includes primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl chlorides) to determine which one will form the most stable carbocation.

3. **Carbocation Formation**: When a chloride ion is released, a carbocation is formed. The stability of this carbocation is key:
- **Primary Carbocation (1°)**: Least stable due to fewer alkyl groups to donate electron density.
- **Secondary Carbocation (2°)**: More stable than primary due to some electron-donating alkyl groups.
- **Tertiary Carbocation (3°)**: Most stable due to the presence of three alkyl groups that can donate electron density through hyperconjugation and inductive effects.

4. **Analyzing the Given Options**:
- If we have options like CH₃CH₂Cl (1°), CH₃CHCl₂ (2°), and CH₃CCl₃ (3°), we can predict the stability of the carbocations formed:
- CH₃CH₂Cl → Forms a primary carbocation (least stable).
- CH₃CHCl₂ → Forms a secondary carbocation (more stable).
- CH₃CCl₃ → Forms a tertiary carbocation (most stable).

5. **Conclusion**: The chloride that hydrolyzes most easily will be the one that forms the most stable carbocation. Therefore, the chloride that hydrolyzes most easily is the one that leads to the formation of a tertiary carbocation.

### Final Answer:
The chloride that hydrolyzes most easily is the tertiary chloride (option 3).