Which is the true regarding rate of formation of haloforms?

Options

A. Rate of formation of `"CHF"_(3)` is highest
B. Rate of formation of `"CHI"_(3)` is highest
C. Rate of formation of all are equal
D. Rates cannot be related

Answer

To solve the question regarding the rate of formation of haloforms, we need to understand the haloform reaction and the factors that influence its rate. Here’s a step-by-step breakdown of the solution:

### Step 1: Understand the Haloform Reaction
The haloform reaction involves the halogenation of methyl ketones in the presence of a base. The general reaction can be represented as follows:

\[ RCOCH_3 + 3X_2 + 4NaOH \rightarrow RCOONa + 3NaX + CHX_3 + 3H_2O \]

Where \( RCOCH_3 \) is a methyl ketone, \( X \) is a halogen (like Cl, Br, or I), and \( CHX_3 \) is the haloform produced (like chloroform, bromoform, or iodoform).

### Step 2: Identify the Key Factors Influencing the Rate
The rate of formation of haloforms depends primarily on the concentration of the enolate ion formed during the reaction. The enolate ion is generated from the methyl ketone in the presence of a base:

\[ RCOCH_3 + NaOH \rightarrow RCOO^- + CH_3^- \]

### Step 3: Analyze the Options
The question provides several options regarding the rate of formation of haloforms. We need to evaluate these options based on our understanding of the reaction:

1. **CHF3 has the highest rate of formation** - This is incorrect because the rate does not depend on the type of halogen used.
2. **Rate of formation for I3 is also wrong** - This is also incorrect for the same reason.
3. **Rate of formation for all are equal** - This is correct since the rate is independent of the halogen used and depends solely on the concentration of the enolate ion.

### Step 4: Conclusion
After evaluating the options, the correct statement regarding the rate of formation of haloforms is that the rate of formation for all haloforms is equal, as it depends only on the concentration of the enolate ion.

### Final Answer
The correct answer is: **Rate of formation for all are equal.**

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