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The electronic structure of four element...

The electronic structure of four elements `A,B, C, D` are
(a) `1s^(2)` (b) `1s^(2), 2s^(2), 2p^(2)`
( c) `1s^(2), 2s^(2), 2p^(5)` (d) `1s^(2), 2s^(2) 2p^(6)`
The tendency to form electrovalent bond is largest in

A

P

B

Q

C

R

D

S

Text Solution

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The correct Answer is:
To determine which element among A, B, C, and D has the largest tendency to form an electrovalent bond, we need to analyze the electronic configurations provided: 1. **Element A**: `1s²` 2. **Element B**: `1s², 2s², 2p²` 3. **Element C**: `1s², 2s², 2p⁵` 4. **Element D**: `1s², 2s², 2p⁶` ### Step 1: Understand Electrovalent Bonding Electrovalent bonds, also known as ionic bonds, are formed by the transfer of electrons from one atom to another. This typically occurs between metals (which lose electrons to form cations) and non-metals (which gain electrons to form anions). ### Step 2: Identify the Valence Electrons - **Element A** has a complete 1s subshell (2 electrons). It cannot lose or gain electrons to form an ionic bond. - **Element B** has 4 valence electrons (2 in 2s and 2 in 2p). It can either lose 4 electrons to form a cation or gain 4 electrons to form an anion, but both scenarios are less favorable. - **Element C** has 7 valence electrons (2 in 2s and 5 in 2p). It needs to gain 1 electron to achieve a stable octet configuration (similar to noble gas configuration). This makes it very likely to form an ionic bond by gaining an electron. - **Element D** has a complete octet (2s², 2p⁶) and is stable. It does not tend to form bonds, as it is already in a stable state. ### Step 3: Compare Tendency to Form Electrovalent Bonds - **Element A**: No tendency (complete 1s). - **Element B**: Moderate tendency (can lose or gain electrons, but not optimal). - **Element C**: High tendency (needs to gain 1 electron). - **Element D**: No tendency (complete octet). ### Conclusion Among the four elements, **Element C** has the largest tendency to form an electrovalent bond because it requires only one additional electron to achieve a stable electronic configuration. ### Final Answer The element with the largest tendency to form an electrovalent bond is **Element C**.
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