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If a process is non - spontaneous then c...

If a process is non - spontaneous then can it be done by providing energy from an externl energy source ?

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To determine if a non-spontaneous process can be carried out by providing energy from an external source, we can analyze the concepts of Gibbs free energy and spontaneity. ### Step-by-Step Solution: 1. **Understanding Non-Spontaneous Processes**: - A non-spontaneous process is one that does not occur naturally under given conditions. It has a positive Gibbs free energy change (ΔG > 0). 2. **Gibbs Free Energy (ΔG)**: ...
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A process is non-spontaneous when DeltaS_("total") lt 0 .

Assertion (A): The thermodynamic factor which determines the spontaneity of a process is the free energy. For a process to be spontaneous the free energy must be-ve. Reason (R ) : The change in free energy is related to the change in a process must always be positive if its is spontaneous.

The process of boiling needs an external source of heat energy.

A: A non- spontaneous process becomes spontaneous when coupled with a suitable spontaneous reaction. R: The overall free energy of coupled spontaneous reaction is negative.

In a spontaneous reaction, the free energy of a system :

Assertion : An exothermic process which is non-spontaneous at high temperature may become spontaneous at low temperature. Reason : Spontaneous process is an irreversible process and may be reversed by some external agency.

Define non renewable energy?

Dependence of Spontaneity on Temperature: For a process to be spontaneous , at constant temperature and pressure , there must be decrease in free energy of the system in the direction of the process , i.e. DeltaG_(P.T) lt 0. DeltaG_(P.T) =0 implies the equilibrium condition and DeltaG_(P.T) gt 0 corresponds to non- spontaneity. Gibbs- Helmholtz equation relates the free energy change to the enthalpy and entropy changes of the process as : " "DeltaG_(P.T) = DeltaH-TDeltaS" ""..."(1) The magnitude of DeltaH does not change much with the change in temperature but the entropy factor TDeltaS change appreciably . Thus, spontaneity of a process depends very much on temperature. For endothermic process, both DeltaH and DeltaS are positive . The energy factor, the first factor of equation, opposes the spontaneity whereas entorpy factor favours it. At low temperature the favourable factor TDeltaS will be small and may be less than DeltaH, DeltaG will have positive value indicated the nonspontaneity of the process. On raising temperature , the factor TDeltaS Increases appreciably and when it exceeds DeltaH, DeltaG would become negative and the process would be spontaneous . For an expthermic process, both DeltaH and DeltaS would be negative . In this case the first factor of eq.1 favours the spontaneity whereas the second factor opposes it. At high temperature , when T DeltaS gt DeltaH, DeltaG will have positive value, showing thereby the non-spontaneity fo the process . However , on decreasing temperature , the factor , TDeltaS decreases rapidly and when TDeltaS lt DeltaH, DeltaG becomes negative and the process occurs spontaneously. Thus , an exothermic process may be spontaneous at low temperature and non-spontaneous at high temperature. The enthalpy change for a certain rection at 300 K is -15.0 K cal mol^(-1) . The entropy change under these conditions is -7.2 cal K^(-1)mol^(-1) . The free energy change for the reaction and its spontaneous/ non-spontaneous character will be

The ultimate source of energy is

VMC MODULES ENGLISH-CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS -PRACTICE EXERCISE
  1. A gas present at 5 atm pressure expands against one atmosphere when it...

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  2. The work done by the system in a cyclic process involving one mole of ...

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  3. During the isothermal expansion of an ideal gas, its internal energy...

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  4. A system does 100J work on surroundings by absorbing 150J of heat. Cal...

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  5. A system is provided 50J of heat and work done on the system is 20J. W...

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  6. How is heat content at constant pressure and that at constant volume b...

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  7. If the heat of combustion of pentane is 3507 kJ mol^(-1) then its calo...

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  8. Given examples of four spontaneous process you observe in nature

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  9. If an egg is boiled then does entropy increase or decrease ?

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  10. If a process is non - spontaneous then can it be done by providing ene...

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  11. If a process has Delta H = 548.3 kJ and Delta S = 32 J/mole at 298 K t...

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  12. What does Delta G = 0 represent ?

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  13. For a process such as I(2)(s)hArr I(2)(g) if equilibrium is establishe...

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  14. Which one of the following is correct ?

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  15. For a spontaneous process :-

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  16. A process will be spontaneous at all temperature if:

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  17. The enthalpy of elements in their standard states are taken as zero .T...

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  18. According to the diagram given below. The value of Delta H for conver...

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  19. The law of Lavoisier and Laplace illustrates

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  20. Hess's law states that :

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