In Which of the following substances the carbon atom is arranged in a regular tetrahedral struture?

Options

A. Diamond
B. Benzene
C. Graphite
D. Carbon black

Answer

To determine which of the given substances has carbon atoms arranged in a regular tetrahedral structure, we will analyze the structures of each substance mentioned: diamond, benzene, graphite, and carbon black.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Carbon's Hybridization**:
- Carbon (C) is a group 14 element with an atomic number of 6. It has four valence electrons and can form four covalent bonds.
- The hybridization of carbon can be sp3, sp2, or sp depending on how many bonds it forms and whether there are lone pairs.

2. **Analyzing Diamond**:
- Diamond is an allotrope of carbon where each carbon atom is tetrahedrally coordinated to four other carbon atoms.
- The hybridization of carbon in diamond is sp3, which means it has a tetrahedral geometry.
- Therefore, diamond has a regular tetrahedral structure.

3. **Analyzing Graphite**:
- In graphite, each carbon atom is bonded to three other carbon atoms in a planar arrangement, forming layers.
- The hybridization of carbon in graphite is sp2, which does not result in a tetrahedral structure. Instead, it leads to a planar hexagonal arrangement.

4. **Analyzing Benzene**:
- Benzene (C6H6) has a ring structure with alternating double bonds.
- Each carbon atom in benzene is bonded to two other carbon atoms and one hydrogen atom, leading to sp2 hybridization.
- This results in a planar structure, not a tetrahedral one.

5. **Analyzing Carbon Black**:
- Carbon black is formed from the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons and consists of small carbon particles.
- The structure of carbon black is not uniform and can vary, but it does not have a regular tetrahedral arrangement of carbon atoms.

6. **Conclusion**:
- Among the substances analyzed, only diamond exhibits a regular tetrahedral structure due to its sp3 hybridization.
- Therefore, the answer to the question is **diamond**.

### Final Answer:
**Diamond** is the substance in which the carbon atom is arranged in a regular tetrahedral structure.