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What is substitution reaction? Explain a...

What is substitution reaction? Explain any two substitution reaction of benzene.

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Substitution : When an atom or a group in molecule is substituted by another atom or group then the reaction is called electrophillic substitution reaction.
e.g. : 1) Friedal craft.s alkylation : `C_(6) H _(6)` reacts with chlorine in the presence of `AICI_(3)` and form chloro benzene.
e.g.: 2) Nitration :`C _(6) H _(6)` when heated with a mixture of conc. `HNO_(3)` and conc. `H_(2)SO_(4),` below `60^(@) C,` to give nitrobenzene.
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