Answer any three of the following (restrict each answer to two or three important Sentences):
(c) How is in vitro fertilisation and embryo transfer carried out?

Explanation

During in vitro fertilisation and embryo transfer method, the eggs of an ovulating livestock animal, e.g. cattle are isolated and fertilised in vitro by the semen of a bull with desired beneficial characters.
The fertilised egg is placed in a suitable medium and is stimulated to undergo cleavage to a 8-16 cell stage embryo known as a blastocyst.
This embryo is then transferred or implanted into the uterus of a surrogate cow made pseudopregnant. The cow comes to term and gives birth to a calf with selected characters.