Which of the following is not a tool used to perform genetic engineering

Options

A. plasmid
B. protein
C. gene gun
D. virus

Answer

To determine which of the following is not a tool used to perform genetic engineering, we will analyze each option provided:

1. **Plasmid**: Plasmids are small, circular pieces of DNA found in prokaryotic cells (such as bacteria). They can replicate independently of chromosomal DNA and are commonly used as vectors in genetic engineering to carry foreign genes into host cells. Therefore, plasmids are indeed a tool used in genetic engineering.

2. **Proteins**: Proteins are macromolecules made up of amino acids and perform various functions in biological systems. While proteins can be involved in genetic engineering processes (such as enzymes used in DNA manipulation), they are not tools or vectors used for the actual process of genetic engineering itself. Thus, proteins are not considered a direct tool for performing genetic engineering.

3. **Gene Gun**: A Gene Gun is a physical method used to introduce DNA into cells by shooting microscopic gold or tungsten particles coated with DNA into the target cells. This method is widely used in genetic engineering, particularly in plants. Therefore, the Gene Gun is a tool used in genetic engineering.

4. **Viruses**: Modified viruses can be used as vectors to transfer genetic material into host cells. They are engineered to carry specific genes and are commonly used in gene therapy and other genetic engineering applications. Thus, viruses are also tools used in genetic engineering.

After analyzing all the options, we can conclude that the correct answer is:

**Proteins** are not a tool used to perform genetic engineering.