Which of these is true for an ecosystem?

Options

A. The non-living components depend on the living components.
B. The living components depend on the non-living components.
C. The living components depend on each other.
D. All of these

Explanation

To determine which statement is true for an ecosystem, let's break down the components and relationships within an ecosystem step by step.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Ecosystem Components**:
- An ecosystem consists of both biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components.
- Biotic components include plants, animals, and microorganisms.
- Abiotic components include elements like soil, water, air, and sunlight.

2. **Interdependence of Components**:
- The non-living components (abiotic) provide essential resources for living organisms (biotic). For example, plants need sunlight and water to grow.
- Conversely, living components (biotic) also affect the non-living components. For instance, plants release oxygen into the atmosphere, which is vital for animal life.

3. **Relationships Among Living Components**:
- Living organisms depend on each other for survival. For example, plants provide food for herbivores, which in turn are prey for carnivores.
- This interdependence creates food chains and food webs, illustrating the complex relationships within an ecosystem.

4. **Evaluating the Options**:
- The first option states that non-living components depend on living components, which is true.
- The second option states that living components depend on non-living components, which is also true.
- The third option states that living components depend on each other, which is again true.
- Since all the statements are correct, the last option, "all of these," is the correct answer.

5. **Conclusion**:
- Therefore, the correct answer is that all of the statements regarding the ecosystem are true.