What is eutrophication? Discuss how does it affect marine plants and animals?

Explanation

### Step-by-Step Text Solution:

**Step 1: Define Eutrophication**
Eutrophication is the process by which a water body becomes overly enriched with nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus. This often results from runoff from agricultural fields, sewage discharge, and other sources of nutrient pollution.

**Step 2: Understand the Growth of Algae**
When nutrients increase in the water, they promote the rapid growth of algae, leading to what is known as an algal bloom. This bloom covers the surface of the water body, blocking sunlight from reaching the aquatic plants that are located beneath the surface.

...