Amniota includes

Options

A. Reptiles and mammals
B. Birds and mammals
C. Reptiles and birds
D. Reptiles, birds and mammals.

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Amniota**:
- Amniota is a group of organisms characterized by the presence of an amniotic membrane. This membrane surrounds the embryo or egg, providing protection and a suitable environment for development.

2. **Identifying Members of Amniota**:
- The main groups that fall under Amniota include reptiles, birds, and mammals.
- Reptiles lay eggs that are protected by the amniotic membrane.
- Birds also lay eggs with an amniotic covering.
- Mammals have embryos that develop within the amniotic sac.

3. **Distinguishing from Non-Amniota**:
- It is important to note that there is another group called Non-Amniota (N-amniota), which includes fish and amphibians that lay eggs in water and do not have the amniotic membrane.

4. **Conclusion**:
- Since Amniota includes reptiles, birds, and mammals, the correct answer to the question "Amniota includes" is the option that states "reptiles, birds, and mammals."

**Final Answer**: Amniota includes reptiles, birds, and mammals.

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