Number of pairs of cranial nerves in birds is
(a) 6
(b) 10
(c) 12
(d) 14

Options

A. 6
B. 10
C. 12
D. 14

Answer

To determine the number of pairs of cranial nerves in birds, we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Cranial Nerves**:
- Cranial nerves are pairs of nerves that emerge directly from the brain and brainstem. They are responsible for various sensory and motor functions.

2. **Identifying the Number of Cranial Nerve Pairs in Birds**:
- In birds, the total number of cranial nerves is generally accepted to be 12 pairs.

3. **Listing the Cranial Nerves**:
- The cranial nerves in birds include:
- CN I: Olfactory Nerve
- CN II: Optic Nerve
- CN III: Oculomotor Nerve
- CN IV: Trochlear Nerve
- CN V: Trigeminal Nerve
- CN VI: Abducent Nerve
- CN VII: Facial Nerve
- CN VIII: Vestibulocochlear Nerve
- CN IX: Glossopharyngeal Nerve
- CN X: Vagus Nerve
- CN XI: Accessory Nerve
- CN XII: Hypoglossal Nerve

4. **Final Answer**:
- Since birds have 12 pairs of cranial nerves, the correct answer is **(c) 12**.