Tissue culture is

Options

A. Growth of specific plant structures on artificial medium
B. Growth and multiplication of cells on artifical medium
C. Cryogenic maintenance of tissues
D. Maintenance, growth and differentiation of cells, tissues and organs on artificial medium.

Answer

**Step-by-Step Text Solution:**

1. **Definition of Tissue Culture**: Tissue culture refers to the growth of specific plant structures in a controlled environment using an artificial medium. This technique allows for the cultivation of plant cells, tissues, or organs outside of their natural environment.

2. **Purpose of Tissue Culture**: The primary purpose of tissue culture is to produce new plants through a process called micropropagation. This involves cloning plants to ensure that the new plants are genetically identical to the parent plant.

3. **Historical Background**: The first scientist to attempt tissue culture was Haberlandt. He explored the possibility of culturing isolated plant tissues, which laid the foundation for modern tissue culture techniques.

4. **Process of Tissue Culture**:
- The isolated plant cells or tissues are placed in a nutrient-rich medium.
- These cells can form a mass of undifferentiated cells known as a callus.
- When treated with specific hormones (like auxins), the callus can differentiate into roots and shoots, eventually leading to the formation of a complete plant.

5. **Final Outcome**: The final outcome of tissue culture is the maintenance, growth, and differentiation of cells, tissues, and organs on an artificial medium, leading to the development of new plants.

6. **Correct Answer**: Based on the explanation, the correct answer to the question "Tissue culture is" is option D: "Maintenance, growth, and differentiation of cells, tissues, and organs on artificial medium."

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