Variations appearing suddenly in cultures are

Options

A. Somatic variations
B. Somaclonal variations
C. Mutations
D. Aberrations.

Answer

To solve the question "Variations appearing suddenly in cultures are", we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understand the Types of Variations**:
- Variations can occur in different forms such as somatic variations, somaclonal variations, mutations, and abbreviations. Each of these terms has a specific meaning in the context of biology.

2. **Define Somatic Variations**:
- Somatic variations are changes that occur in the somatic cells of an organism. These variations are not inherited and do not affect the germ cells.

3. **Define Somaclonal Variations**:
- Somaclonal variations are variations that arise during tissue culture. These variations can result from chromosomal rearrangements and other genetic changes that occur in cultured cells.

4. **Define Mutations**:
- Mutations are sudden heritable changes in the genetic material of an organism. They can occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors.

5. **Define Abbreviations**:
- Abbreviations in this context do not refer to a type of variation. It seems to be an unrelated term.

6. **Identify the Correct Answer**:
- Since the question specifically asks about variations that appear suddenly in cultures, the most appropriate answer is **somaclonal variations**. This is because somaclonal variations are specifically associated with tissue culture and can occur suddenly due to various factors like chromosomal rearrangements.

7. **Conclusion**:
- Therefore, the correct answer to the question is **b. Somaclonal variations**.

### Final Answer:
**b. Somaclonal variations**

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