What additional treatment is required for protoplats fusion in plants

Options

A. Polyethylene glycol and sodium nitrate
B. Coconut milk and glycine
C. Cellulase and pectinase
D. All the above

Answer

To answer the question about the additional treatment required for protoplast fusion in plants, we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Protoplasts**: Protoplasts are plant cells that have had their cell walls removed. This allows for easier manipulation and fusion of cells.

2. **Isolation of Protoplasts**: Protoplasts are typically isolated from plant tissues (explants) using enzymatic treatments. The cell wall must be digested to obtain protoplasts.

3. **Enzymatic Digestion**: The enzymes commonly used for digesting the cell wall are cellulase and pectinase.
- **Cellulase** breaks down cellulose, a major component of the plant cell wall.
- **Pectinase** breaks down pectin, another component of the cell wall.

4. **Fusion of Protoplasts**: After obtaining protoplasts, they can be fused together to create hybrid cells. This fusion can be facilitated by additional treatments.

5. **Additional Treatments**:
- **Polyethylene glycol (PEG)** is often used to promote the fusion of protoplasts. It helps in bringing the protoplasts closer together and facilitates membrane fusion.
- **Sodium nitrate** can also be used in some protocols to enhance the fusion process.
- **Coconut milk** and **glycine** are sometimes used in plant tissue culture but are not specifically required for protoplast fusion.

6. **Conclusion**: The question asks for the additional treatment required for protoplast fusion. The most relevant answer is **option C: cellulase and pectinase**, as these enzymes are essential for the initial step of protoplast isolation and fusion.

### Final Answer:
The additional treatment required for protoplast fusion in plants is **option C: cellulase and pectinase**.

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