Hypothyroidism in adults and hyperparathyroidism will respectively, lead to

Options

A. Myxoedema and cretinism
B. Graves' disease and Hashimoto's disease
C. Myxoedema and osteitis fibrosa cystica
D. Addison's disease and cretinism

Answer

To answer the question regarding the effects of hypothyroidism in adults and hyperparathyroidism, we will break down the conditions and their respective consequences step by step.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Hypothyroidism**:
- Hypothyroidism is a condition characterized by the decreased secretion of thyroid hormones from the thyroid gland.
- This deficiency leads to a condition known as **myxedema** in adults.

2. **Symptoms of Myxedema**:
- Myxedema is characterized by several symptoms, including:
- Puffy appearance due to fluid accumulation in subcutaneous tissues.
- Low basal metabolic rate, leading to fatigue and low energy levels.
- Decreased alertness and cognitive function (low IQ).
- Slow heart rate (bradycardia) and low blood pressure.
- Retarded sexual development.

3. **Understanding Hyperparathyroidism**:
- Hyperparathyroidism is characterized by the overproduction of parathyroid hormone (PTH) from the parathyroid glands.
- This condition leads to increased levels of calcium in the blood (hypercalcemia).

4. **Consequences of Hyperparathyroidism**:
- The excess parathyroid hormone causes increased bone resorption, which can lead to a condition known as **osteitis fibrosa cystica**.
- This condition is characterized by the replacement of bone tissue with fibrous tissue, leading to weakened bones and a condition known as **osteoporosis**.

5. **Final Conclusion**:
- Therefore, hypothyroidism in adults leads to **myxedema**, and hyperparathyroidism leads to **osteitis fibrosa cystica** (which is associated with osteoporosis).
- The correct answer to the question is: **myxedema and osteoporosis**.

### Final Answer:
Hypothyroidism in adults leads to myxedema, and hyperparathyroidism leads to osteoporosis.

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