Curvature of vertebral column is helpful in

Options

A. Little jolting of viscera during springing
B. Increasing size of chest
C. Increasing size of pelvic region
D. All the above.

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding the Structure of the Vertebral Column**:
- The vertebral column is composed of individual vertebrae. In mammals, it typically consists of 33 vertebrae, which include:
- 7 cervical vertebrae
- 12 thoracic vertebrae
- 5 lumbar vertebrae
- 5 fused sacral vertebrae
- 4 fused coccygeal vertebrae

2. **Identifying the Curvatures**:
- The vertebral column is not a straight structure; it has natural curvatures:
- **Cervical Curvature**: Curves towards the ventral side (anterior).
- **Thoracic Curvature**: Curves towards the dorsal side (posterior).
- **Lumbar Curvature**: Curves towards the ventral side (anterior).
- **Sacral Curvature**: Curves towards the ventral side (anterior).

3. **Function of the Curvatures**:
- The curvatures of the vertebral column serve several important functions:
- They help absorb shock and provide flexibility, which aids in the springing action during movement.
- They assist in the expansion of the thoracic cavity during breathing, thereby increasing the size of the chest.
- They contribute to the overall balance and posture of the body.

4. **Conclusion**:
- The curvature of the vertebral column is beneficial for multiple reasons, including shock absorption, facilitating breathing, and maintaining balance. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is that the curvature of the vertebral column is helpful in all of the above functions.

### Final Answer:
- The curvature of the vertebral column is helpful in: **All of the above** (shock absorption, increasing chest size, and balancing the body).

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