Protein denaturation is caused by disruption of

Options

A. Peptide bonds
B. Three -dinensional configuration
C. Tertiary and secondary structure
D. Both B and C.

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Protein Structure**: Proteins have different levels of structure: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary. The primary structure is the sequence of amino acids, while the secondary structure refers to local folded structures (like alpha helices and beta sheets) stabilized by hydrogen bonds. The tertiary structure is the overall three-dimensional shape of a single protein molecule, which is stabilized by various interactions including hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, disulfide bridges, and hydrophobic interactions.

2. **Definition of Denaturation**: Protein denaturation refers to the process where a protein loses its native structure due to the disruption of the bonds and interactions that maintain its shape. This can result from various factors such as heat, pH changes, or chemical agents.

3. **Identifying the Causes of Denaturation**: Denaturation primarily involves the disruption of the secondary and tertiary structures of proteins. The secondary structure, which includes alpha helices and beta sheets, relies on hydrogen bonding. The tertiary structure involves a more complex arrangement of interactions including hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, disulfide bonds, and hydrophobic interactions.

4. **Effects of Heat on Protein Structure**: When proteins are subjected to high temperatures, the energy can break the hydrogen bonds and other interactions that stabilize the secondary and tertiary structures. This leads to the unfolding of the protein and loss of its functional shape.

5. **Conclusion**: Therefore, protein denaturation is caused by the disruption of the three-dimensional configuration of proteins, specifically the secondary and tertiary structures. The correct answer to the question is both B and C.

**Final Answer**: Protein denaturation is caused by the disruption of the three-dimensional configuration, specifically the tertiary and secondary structures (both B and C).

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