A technique which involves deliberate manipulation of genes within or between species is called:

Options

A. Gene therapy
B. Tissue culture
C. Hybridoma technology
D. Genetic engineering

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding the Question**: The question asks for a technique that involves the deliberate manipulation of genes within or between species. This means we are looking for a method that allows scientists to change or modify genetic material intentionally.

2. **Evaluating the Options**:
- **Option A: Gene Therapy**: This technique modifies a person's genes to treat diseases. While it does involve manipulation of genes, it is primarily focused on therapeutic applications rather than broad genetic manipulation across species.
- **Option B: Tissue Culture**: This refers to the cultivation of plant cells or tissues in a controlled environment. It does not involve genetic manipulation, but rather the growth of cells.
- **Option C: Hybridoma Technology**: This method is used to produce large quantities of identical antibodies. It involves some manipulation of cells but is not primarily focused on gene manipulation.
- **Option D: Genetic Engineering**: This is the process of using recombinant DNA technology to alter the genetic makeup of an organism. It specifically involves the deliberate manipulation of genes, making it applicable to both within a species and between different species.

3. **Identifying the Correct Answer**: After evaluating all the options, it is clear that genetic engineering is the only technique that fits the description of deliberate manipulation of genes within or between species.

4. **Final Answer**: The correct answer is **Genetic Engineering**.

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