Taq polymerase used in polymerase chain reaction is active at temperature of

Options

A. `25^(@) - 30^(@)C`
B. `35^(@) - 50^(@)C`
C. `50^(@) - 70^(@)C`
D. `72^(@) - 90^(@)C`

Answer

**Step-by-Step Text Solution:**

1. **Understanding Taq Polymerase**: Taq polymerase is a type of DNA polymerase that is crucial for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). It is derived from the thermophilic bacterium *Thermus aquaticus*.

2. **Temperature Range for Activity**: Taq polymerase is known for its ability to function at high temperatures, which is essential for the PCR process. The enzyme remains active at temperatures that can range from 72°C to 90°C.

3. **Optimum Temperature**: The optimum temperature at which Taq polymerase exhibits its highest activity is approximately 72°C. This temperature allows for efficient DNA synthesis during the extension phase of PCR.

4. **PCR Process Overview**:
- **Denaturation**: The first step involves heating the DNA to separate its two strands.
- **Annealing**: In the second step, primers bind to the single-stranded DNA.
- **Extension**: Finally, Taq polymerase synthesizes new DNA strands by adding nucleotides, primarily at the optimum temperature of 72°C.

5. **Conclusion**: Therefore, Taq polymerase is active at a temperature of around 72°C, which is optimal for its function during the PCR process.

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