Culmination of a succession at a stage other than the natural climax is called

Options

A. deflected sere
B. disclimax
C. plagioclimax
D. Both B and C

Answer

To answer the question, "Culmination of a succession at a stage other than the natural climax is called," we need to analyze the terms related to ecological succession. Here’s a step-by-step breakdown of the solution:

### Step 1: Understand Ecological Succession
Ecological succession is the process through which ecosystems change and develop over time. It involves a series of stages where one community of plants and animals gradually replaces another until a stable end stage, known as the climax community, is reached.

**Hint:** Remember that ecological succession leads to a stable climax community.

### Step 2: Identify the Climax Community
The climax community is the final, stable community in an ecological succession. It represents a balanced ecosystem where the species composition remains relatively stable over time.

**Hint:** Focus on what defines a climax community and its stability.

### Step 3: Define Disclimax
A disclimax is an ecological community that replaces the natural climax community due to disturbances, often caused by human activities. This community is characterized by species that may not be native to the area.

**Hint:** Think about how human activities can disrupt natural ecosystems.

### Step 4: Define Plagioclimax
Plagioclimax refers to a situation where the succession does not reach the natural climax due to interruptions, such as destruction of vegetation. This results in a stable community that is not the natural climax.

**Hint:** Consider what factors can prevent an ecosystem from reaching its climax.

### Step 5: Analyze the Options
Now, we can analyze the options given in the question:
- **Deflected Seral**: This term is not commonly used in this context.
- **Disclimax**: This is a correct term for a community that replaces the natural climax.
- **Plagioclimax**: This is also correct as it refers to a stage other than the natural climax due to interruptions.
- **Both B and C**: Since both disclimax and plagioclimax are valid terms for stages other than the natural climax, this option is correct.

### Conclusion
The culmination of a succession at a stage other than the natural climax can be referred to as either disclimax or plagioclimax. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is **both B and C**.

**Final Answer:** Both B and C (Disclimax and Plagioclimax).

---