$ Positive diffusion occurs against the concentration gradients.
! Osmosis does not require a semi-permeable membrane.

Options

A. If both As and R are correct and R is correct explanation of As
B. If both As and R are correct but R is not correct explanation of As
C. If As is correct, R is wrong
D. If both As and R are wrong.

Answer

To solve the question regarding the assertion and reason statements, we will analyze each statement step by step.

### Step 1: Analyze the Assertion
- **Assertion**: "Positive diffusion occurs against the concentration gradients."
- **Explanation**: Diffusion is the process where molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. This means that diffusion occurs along the concentration gradient, not against it. Therefore, the assertion is incorrect.

### Step 2: Analyze the Reason
- **Reason**: "Osmosis does not require a semi-permeable membrane."
- **Explanation**: Osmosis is specifically defined as the movement of water (or solvent) across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration. Thus, a semi-permeable membrane is essential for osmosis to occur. Therefore, the reason is also incorrect.

### Step 3: Determine the Relationship Between Assertion and Reason
- Since both the assertion and the reason are incorrect, we need to identify the correct option based on this analysis.

### Conclusion
- **Final Answer**: Both the assertion and the reason are wrong. Therefore, the correct option is D: "Both assertion and reason are wrong."

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