How do plants adapt to Saline environments?

Explanation

Adaptation in Saline Environments. Halophytes are plants of saline environment which are adapted to grow in high concentration of salt in soil or water. They occur in tidal marshes and coastal dunes, mangroves and saline soils.
1. Halophytic plants, under hot and dry conditions, may become succulent and dilute the ion concentration of salts with water which they store in cells of stems and leaves.
2. Mangroves which grow in marshy conditions can excrete salts through the salt glands on the leaves. Some mangroves can expel salts from roots by pumping excess salts back into soil.
3. Dunaliella species (green and halophytic algae found in hyper saline lakes) can tolerate saline conditions by accumulating glycerol in the cells, which helps in osmoregulation.
4.Avicennia and Rhizophora (red mangrove) have special adaptations like Pneumatophores, prop and stilt roots and vivipary (seeds germinate while on the tree). The presence of pneumatophores (the respiratory roots) helps to take up oxygen from the atmosphere and transport it to the main roots. Prop and stilt roots in many species of mangroves give support to the plants in wet substratum. Vivipary permits plants to escape the effect of salinity on seed germination.