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The sum of the infinite series (2)/(1!...

The sum of the infinite series
`(2)/(1!) + (12)/(2!) + (28)/(3!) + (50)/(4!) + (78)/(5!) + ... = ..........`

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To find the sum of the infinite series \[ S = \frac{2}{1!} + \frac{12}{2!} + \frac{28}{3!} + \frac{50}{4!} + \frac{78}{5!} + \ldots \] we first need to identify a pattern in the coefficients of the series. The coefficients are \(2, 12, 28, 50, 78, \ldots\). ### Step 1: Identify the pattern in the coefficients Let's denote the coefficients as \(a_n\) where \(n\) starts from 1: - \(a_1 = 2\) - \(a_2 = 12\) - \(a_3 = 28\) - \(a_4 = 50\) - \(a_5 = 78\) Next, we can observe the differences between consecutive terms: \[ \begin{align*} a_2 - a_1 & = 12 - 2 = 10 \\ a_3 - a_2 & = 28 - 12 = 16 \\ a_4 - a_3 & = 50 - 28 = 22 \\ a_5 - a_4 & = 78 - 50 = 28 \\ \end{align*} \] The differences are \(10, 16, 22, 28\). ### Step 2: Find the second differences Now, let's calculate the second differences: \[ \begin{align*} 16 - 10 & = 6 \\ 22 - 16 & = 6 \\ 28 - 22 & = 6 \\ \end{align*} \] The second differences are constant and equal to \(6\). This indicates that \(a_n\) is a quadratic function. ### Step 3: Assume a quadratic form Assume \(a_n = An^2 + Bn + C\). We can use the first three terms to set up a system of equations: 1. For \(n=1\): \(A(1)^2 + B(1) + C = 2\) → \(A + B + C = 2\) 2. For \(n=2\): \(A(2)^2 + B(2) + C = 12\) → \(4A + 2B + C = 12\) 3. For \(n=3\): \(A(3)^2 + B(3) + C = 28\) → \(9A + 3B + C = 28\) ### Step 4: Solve the system of equations Now we have the following system: 1. \(A + B + C = 2\) (1) 2. \(4A + 2B + C = 12\) (2) 3. \(9A + 3B + C = 28\) (3) Subtract (1) from (2): \[ (4A + 2B + C) - (A + B + C) = 12 - 2 \\ 3A + B = 10 \quad (4) \] Subtract (2) from (3): \[ (9A + 3B + C) - (4A + 2B + C) = 28 - 12 \\ 5A + B = 16 \quad (5) \] Now, subtract (4) from (5): \[ (5A + B) - (3A + B) = 16 - 10 \\ 2A = 6 \\ A = 3 \] Substituting \(A = 3\) into (4): \[ 3(3) + B = 10 \\ 9 + B = 10 \\ B = 1 \] Now substituting \(A\) and \(B\) into (1): \[ 3 + 1 + C = 2 \\ C = 2 - 4 = -2 \] Thus, we have: \[ a_n = 3n^2 + n - 2 \] ### Step 5: Write the series in terms of \(n\) Now we can rewrite the series \(S\): \[ S = \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{3n^2 + n - 2}{n!} \] ### Step 6: Split the series We can split the series into three parts: \[ S = 3\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{n^2}{n!} + \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{n}{n!} - 2\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{1}{n!} \] ### Step 7: Evaluate each series 1. The series \(\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{n}{n!} = e\). 2. The series \(\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{1}{n!} = e - 1\). 3. The series \(\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{n^2}{n!} = e\) (using the identity \(\sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \frac{n^2}{n!} = e\)). Now substituting these values back into \(S\): \[ S = 3e + e - 2(e - 1) \\ = 3e + e - 2e + 2 \\ = 2e + 2 \] ### Final Answer Thus, the sum of the infinite series is: \[ \boxed{2e + 2} \]
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Knowledge Check

  • The sum of the sides (2)/(2!) + (12)/(2!) + (28)/(3!) + (50)/(4!) + (78)/(5!) + ... to oo , is

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    `((e^(2)+1)^(2))/(2e^(2))`
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