Explain different temporary methods of contraception.

Explanation

Natural/Traditional methods include
(a) Periodic abstinence. Abstain sex from day 10 to 17 of menstrual cycle.
(b) Withdrawal method or Coitus interruptus. Withdrawing pènis from vagina before ejaculation.
(c) Lactational amenorrhoea. Absence of menstruation cycle during the period of intense lactation following childbirth/parturition. As ovulation does not occur in this period, chances of conception are almost nil, but this is effective for a maximum period of six months after parturition.
2: Oral pills/Injections/Implants. Hormonal preparations (Progestogens or progestogens and estrogen) inhibit ovulation and implantation. "Saheli", a new oral pill is used "once-a-week", a non steroid preparation with very less side effects and high contraceptive value developed by CDRI, in Lucknow, India, emergency pills used as emergency contraceptives, to avoid pregnancy due to rape casual unprotected intercourse.
3. Barrier methods include.
(a) Condom-Nirodh is a condom for male, vagina and cervix condom for female (femidoms), condoms also protect the user from contracting STDs and AIDS.
(b) Diaphragm, cervical caps and vaults are barriers made-up of rubber, inserted in the female to cover cervix during coitus.
(c) Chemical barriers include spermicidal creams, jellies and foams, used to increase contraceptive efficiency.
4. Intrauterine Devices IUDS.
(i) They are inserted in the uterus by doctors or expert nurses, non-medicated e.g., lippes loop, copper releasing IUDS (Cu-T, Cu7, multiload 375). Cu ions suppress sperm motility.
(ii) Hormone releasing IUDs (Progestasert, LNG-20). The hormones make uterus unsuitable for implantation, increasing phagocytosis of sperms within uterus and making cervix hostile to sperms.
IUDS ideal for female to delay pregnancy or space children.