Vegetative reproduction in mosses is by:-

Options

A. Fragmentation
B. Budding
C. Both 1) and 2)
D. By spore

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Vegetative Reproduction**: Vegetative reproduction is a form of asexual reproduction where new plants grow from parts of the parent plant without the formation of seeds or spores.

2. **Identifying Mosses**: Mosses are non-vascular plants that belong to the group Bryophytes. They reproduce both sexually and asexually.

3. **Types of Asexual Reproduction in Mosses**: In mosses, vegetative reproduction can occur through different methods. The common methods include fragmentation and the formation of specialized structures.

4. **Fragmentation**: This is a process where a part of the moss plant breaks off and can grow into a new individual. This method is common in many moss species.

5. **Budding**: This method involves the formation of new individuals from the parent plant. However, it is less common in mosses compared to fragmentation.

6. **Spore Formation**: While spores are primarily associated with sexual reproduction in mosses, they can also contribute to vegetative reproduction by allowing the plant to survive unfavorable conditions and propagate.

7. **Conclusion**: Based on the understanding of vegetative reproduction in mosses, the correct answer to the question is that vegetative reproduction in mosses occurs by the formation of spores.

**Final Answer**: The vegetative reproduction in mosses is by the formation of spores (Option 4).

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