Species or ion which doesnot exist in nature

Options

A. `H^(+)`
B. `H_(3)O^(+)`
C. `H_(2)^(+)`
D. 1, 3 both

Explanation

To determine which species or ion does not exist in nature, we need to analyze the given options: H⁺, H₃O⁺, and H₂⁺.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding H⁺ (Hydrogen Ion):**
- The H⁺ ion is essentially a proton, which means it is a hydrogen atom that has lost its electron.
- In isolation, H⁺ does not exist in nature because it is highly reactive and will quickly associate with other species to form more stable compounds. Therefore, H⁺ is considered negligible in free form.

2. **Analyzing H₃O⁺ (Hydronium Ion):**
- H₃O⁺, also known as the hydronium ion, is formed when a water molecule (H₂O) accepts an H⁺ ion.
- This species exists in nature, particularly in aqueous solutions where acids dissociate to produce H₃O⁺. Hence, H₃O⁺ is a stable and commonly found ion.

3. **Examining H₂⁺ (Dihydrogen Cation):**
- H₂⁺ is a molecular ion formed by two hydrogen atoms that have lost one electron collectively.
- The bond order of H₂⁺ can be calculated as follows:
- The bond order is given by the formula (number of bonding electrons - number of antibonding electrons)/2.
- For H₂⁺, there is 1 bonding electron and 0 antibonding electrons, resulting in a bond order of 0.5.
- A bond order of 0.5 indicates that H₂⁺ is not a stable species and does not exist in nature under normal conditions.

4. **Conclusion:**
- Based on the analysis, H⁺ and H₂⁺ do not exist in nature, while H₃O⁺ does exist.
- Therefore, the correct answer to the question is that both H⁺ and H₂⁺ do not exist in nature.

### Final Answer:
The species or ions that do not exist in nature are H⁺ and H₂⁺.